By
Endang Setyawati
Kartini University
Surabaya, Indonesia
ABSTRACT
This research was intended to analyze the
management chains in salt industry, the distribution channels and its problems
and the profit margins of the business centers. This research used qualitative and quantitative approaches taken in
Sumenep and Sampang which serves as the object of research. The necessary data
were collected through observations, interviews, document reading, FGD and
questionnaires methods. As a result of the analyses it showed that the
distribution of raw salts was characterized by two main patterns. First:
producers – traders – industrial plants chain. Second: producers – traders –
distributors – consumption plants – industrial plants – final users chain. The
distribution process of salt products was also characterized by two patterns.
First: processing plants – packaging centers – distributors – industrial plants
chain. Second: processing plants – industrial plants – distributors – sub
distributors – retailers – final users chain. National salt demand in Indonesia
during 2012 amounted to 1.8 million tons of industrial salt and 1.2 million
tons of consumption salt. However, the salt produced by traditional farmers was
still conventional in nature so that the quality of the product was low. PT
Garam Pesero, however, produced salts using geo membrane technology so that the
quality of its product was relatively higher. The national demand on industrial
salt relied entirely on import, whereas demand on consumption salts could
partly supplied by traditional salt farmers. In this context, the selling
margins were Rp. 1,759,000/ton for second grade quality (K2) and
Rp.2,150,000/ton for the first grade quality (K1). The biggest profit (30%) was
enjoyed by processing plants. The problems faced by the industry were too high
price of iodine, high costs of product standardization and the spread of
imported salts infiltrating the market of consumption salts.
ABSTRACT
This research was intended to analyze the
management chains in salt industry, the distribution channels and its problems
and the profit margins of the business centers. This research used qualitative and quantitative approaches taken in
Sumenep and Sampang which serves as the object of research. The necessary data
were collected through observations, interviews, document reading, FGD and
questionnaires methods. As a result of the analyses it showed that the
distribution of raw salts was characterized by two main patterns. First:
producers – traders – industrial plants chain. Second: producers – traders –
distributors – consumption plants – industrial plants – final users chain. The
distribution process of salt products was also characterized by two patterns.
First: processing plants – packaging centers – distributors – industrial plants
chain. Second: processing plants – industrial plants – distributors – sub
distributors – retailers – final users chain. National salt demand in Indonesia
during 2012 amounted to 1.8 million tons of industrial salt and 1.2 million
tons of consumption salt. However, the salt produced by traditional farmers was
still conventional in nature so that the quality of the product was low. PT
Garam Pesero, however, produced salts using geo membrane technology so that the
quality of its product was relatively higher. The national demand on industrial
salt relied entirely on import, whereas demand on consumption salts could
partly supplied by traditional salt farmers. In this context, the selling
margins were Rp. 1,759,000/ton for second grade quality (K2) and
Rp.2,150,000/ton for the first grade quality (K1). The biggest profit (30%) was
enjoyed by processing plants. The problems faced by the industry were too high
price of iodine, high costs of product standardization and the spread of
imported salts infiltrating the market of consumption salts. The problems faced
by the traditional farmers related to low access to new technologies of
production, unavailable capital and high costs of transportation. The
recommendations that can be given as follows. (1) Traditional farmers should be
enhanced to organize them self in order to increase their bargaining power. (2)
There should be integrated policies by all stakeholders in the industry. (3)
The production methods should be improved in order to produce higher quality
products
Keywords : Integrated Policies, Salt Industry, Upgrading of
Value Chains Management
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