By
Achluddin Ibnu Rochim
Dept. of Public Administration,
Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Surabaya
Abstract
Government
policies
for the oversight and management are very important. This is to
steer economic growth
and the role of the
LKM, which is useful to guarantee the protection
of the interests of societies,
on the other side of the unavailability of policy in the form
of technical rules that remain for LKM, it
is necessary to conduct municipal government policy formulation
microfinance institutions. Fact, the
municipal agenda in
policy formulation facing obstacles not enough information available
about the potential map of microfinance institutions in Surabaya, although based
on the 2006 Economic Census of
the potential number of micro enterprises in Surabaya
is known for business
unit 280 324 (77.55%). besides which does not
include the unknown of the total
existing businesses and is still growing from
year to year. On
the other hand, the formulation
of municipal policies may conflict rules, related
to the hierarchy of legislation
either equal or
higher. Because there
are overlapping areas of monetary regulation, the
regulation of the banks, cooperatives, rural
banks, venture capital, Small
Business and Cooperative Development Program, mortgage,
insurance, mutual funds, stock exchanges and so
on.
Abstract
Government
policies
for the oversight and management are very important. This is to
steer economic growth
and the role of the
LKM, which is useful to guarantee the protection
of the interests of societies,
on the other side of the unavailability of policy in the form
of technical rules that remain for LKM, it
is necessary to conduct municipal government policy formulation
microfinance institutions. Fact, the
municipal agenda in
policy formulation facing obstacles not enough information available
about the potential map of microfinance institutions in Surabaya, although based
on the 2006 Economic Census of
the potential number of micro enterprises in Surabaya
is known for business
unit 280 324 (77.55%). besides which does not
include the unknown of the total
existing businesses and is still growing from
year to year. On
the other hand, the formulation
of municipal policies may conflict rules, related
to the hierarchy of legislation
either equal or
higher. Because there
are overlapping areas of monetary regulation, the
regulation of the banks, cooperatives, rural
banks, venture capital, Small
Business and Cooperative Development Program, mortgage,
insurance, mutual funds, stock exchanges and so
on.
Formulation
of the problem is the following: the influence of agenda setting
towards government agenda in terms of policy formulation in microfinance
institutions.
This
study uses
documentation techniques
of data collection.
The processing data
was using qualitative
analysis techniques,
namely grouped
data obtain, It
was analyzed and
explained in descriptive
qualitative reasoning
process that
focuses on
the assessment issues.
Data analysis focuses
on comparative
patterns through
a comparison between
aspects, elements,
scope, or
other criteria
from a
variety of existing
data sources.
The
preparation of the legal
basis for the
issuance of local
regulations regarding
to LKM should
be based on consideration
to further develop
the role of LKM,
providing legal
certainty and
protect the interests of
the general public
as a whole. Therefore,
the bank has regulated
LKM in
banking regulation,
cooperative LKM has
been regulated
separately in
cooperative regulation,
it is advisable to
focus first to
the non-bank
non cooperatives LKM
that is not
yet incorporated.
This is done to
avoid duplication
of regulation
that is likely to lead
to contradictions
between the
existing rules.
Keywords: agenda setting, policy formulation, microfinance.
1. Backgrounds
Micro
business is known as the unaffected business by the economic turmoil
because of its adaptive and flexibility
to situation. Micro business is often considered
as the solution to low income
people in responding to the
economic crisis. The outstanding
growth of micro business since the 1997 economic crisis in Indonesia has
encouraged the growing need for financial services for business
funding. According to the
characteristics, micro financial
services require an easy, fast and simple
way.
Financial
services mentioned are microfinance institutions that are excellent
for lower classes, which occur as a result of the
information gap on micro-entrepreneurs
who do not fully understand
the ins and outs of banking
procedures, as well as the public that cannot access
the bank because of the distrust of banks on
lower class society. Here, because of the gap, then
various unauthorized financial
institutions or shadow banking
are come in, therefore the choice
of lower class society falls on moneylenders (disguises as microfinance institutions) that gives micro
business loans with extra interest above the average bank’s or cooperation’
interest. For example the daily
moneylenders, savings and loans gathering, piyo piyo, hidden mortgage,
and so on.
Agenda
setting above occurred
in Surabaya -
east java provincial capital - Indonesia, while
there are many different types of
financial institutions that serve the needs of
financial services for micro businesses. The first is a bank,
both commercial banks, regional banks, and
credit banks which
offer micro-scale financial
services products. These types of
financial institutions comply with banking regulations.
The second are cooperation,
either KSP (credit
unions), USP (business savings and loans), and KJK (cooperative financial
services) which are comply with
the regulatory cooperatives. The
third is the LKM b3k (microfinance institutions non-bank non-cooperation).
The
last type of financial
institution does not have clear basic technical rules because
it is not regulated yet. To enhance the role and
create legal certainty for the
existence and operations of microfinance institutions, now the act
#1 of 2013 about microfinance institutions has issued, however, to implement
this act is still required more technical explanation of the rules at the low classes society.
The
blooming growth of LKM in Surabaya in recent
years is considered very fast
and requires attention
and guidance from
the city government, so that it becomes the agenda of government to formulate the policy as the form of technical rules in
order to ensure the growth of
LKM that is suitable with the prevailing regulations, the protection of public interest and can provide positive
contribution to the
development activities.
Such
matter, because the main task
of the city government represented by the department of cooperatives
and micro, small and
medium business regulated in fourth paragraph to the sector of micro, small
and medium business in chapter 250, states that the micro,
small and medium business sector has to carry out some tasks of cooperatives and small
and medium business in micro,
small and medium business
sectors. Where the details of the task field defined
in chapter 250, it is also stated in chapter 251 that covers the technical process of licensing / recommendation
for the field, the preparation of
the formulation of materials legislations in empowering micro, small and medium
business in the growth of the business climate for micro, small, and medium business at the city level.
The
details of the duties are funding / provision of
financial resources, procedures and
requirements needs of funds, competition, infrastructure,
information, partnerships, licensing, protection, development
and UMKM development
at the city level, production, marketing, human resources, and technology. In
addition they should guarantee the
facilitation access providing the
finance for UMKM in the city, including the bank credit, guarantee of non-bank institutions, venture capital, loans from
the funds diversion as state income,
grants, other types
of financing, supervising,
monitoring, and evaluating
the empowerment of UMKM efforts. Regarding to the implementation of the development of production and marketing
of a city-wide society, and facilitate the policy
of micro, small and
medium business in city-scale.
Similarly,
in chapter 252 (1) states that micro
section has a function preparing the materials
preparation, program implementation materials and technical guidance
in micro-business, preparing materials coordination and
partnership with other
agencies and institutions of micro-business, preparing materials and supervision
control in micro-business,
setting up the evaluation and reporting the performance of duties, carry out other duties assigned by the head of micro, small and medium business appropriate
with their mandate.
In
the same chapter in paragraph (2) declared
that small and medium business has a function preparing the materials preparation and program implementation also the technical guidance
of small and medium business, preparing materials coordination
and partnership with
other agencies and institutions in small and medium business, preparing materials of
supervision and control
of small and medium business, setting
up the evaluation and reporting
of the performance of duties, carry
out other duties assigned by the
head of micro, small and medium business appropriate with their mandate.
Following
up on the duty
of the
Surabaya city government, then the perwali # 62 of 2010 is published, one of the tasks of the government
on the LKM
that operating
in Surabaya is formulating the management
policy under supervision, as the embodiment of the public
management functions that must be performed
by the city government.
Considering the importance of
policies for the supervision and management of LKM to direct the growth and
role, as well as to ensure the protection of the interests of society, as well
as the unavailability of policy in the technical rules for LKM, it is necessary
to make the city government to formulate the policy of microfinance
institutions.
In
fact, the city government's
agenda in formulating such
policies obstructs by setting agenda, which
is the unavailability of sufficient
information about the potential
map of microfinance institutions in
Surabaya, but based on the 2006 economic census, the
potential number of micro business in Surabaya
in rough census
was 280 324 business
units or (77.55%) of the total existing businesses and is still growing
from year to year.
On
the other hand, the formulation
of government policy regulations
are conflict-prone, with respect to
the sort order hierarchy of legislation both equal
and higher, because
there are overlapping state regulation of the
monetary field, the
regulation of the banks, cooperatives, rural
banks (BPR), venture capital, small business development program and
cooperatives (PUKK), mortgage, insurance, retirement
funds, mutual funds, stock
exchanges and so forth.
2. Problem statements
Based on
the background of problems above,
the problem statements is as follows: what is the effect of the agenda setting towards
the government agenda in policy
formulation of microfinance institutions in Surabaya city government?
3. Review
of literature
Pakpahan (2012) states
that the transfer function of
supervision to the financial services
authority (OJK) performed because the
assessment of bank the
supervision of by bank Indonesia (BI) has been
less effective, so by doing the harmonization and synchronization of the
various laws and regulations relating
to the supervision of financial
institutions are expected to function the supervision of financial institutions especially
banks that are now held by the OJK to increase and performed justice to all
supervised institutions. If it is not immediately responses, then the supervision of financial institutions especially banks are similar to BI
so it does not solve the problem, but it just moving similar
problem to other institutions with a lot budget.
The
impact of the enactment of law #
21 of 2011 on
the financial services authority resulted
is changes related to the duties
and powers of surveillance carried out by the BI previously
to the banking sector
and the agency for supervision of capital market (bappepam) for
the financial services sector other
than banking sector
, so it is necessary to immediately synchronize
and harmonize with
the various changes of legislation related to the financial services sector, such as law # 3 of 2004
concerning government regulation in lieu of law no. 3
of 2004 on the amendment of the law of the republic Indonesia # 23 of 1999 about
bank Indonesia, law
# 8 of 1995 on capital market law # 2
of 1992 on insurance business, and
law # 11 year
1992 on the retirement fund.
Nurmianto
and Nasution (2004)
stated that the partnership
strategy formulation of PT. INKA and small and medium industries can be analyzed using the AHP and SWOT. In designing and formulating a strategy partnership between
PT. INKA and small
industries, used criteria.
Research results (1) the assessment of the performance
of the partnership model, there are several criteria used are: effectiveness,
professionalism, guidance, supervision, capital, potential
for development, and bureaucratic procedures. (2) The weight of criteria:
effectiveness 0354, professionalism 0,24, bureaucratic procedures 0.159, coaching
0.104, supervision 0.068, development potential 0.045, and the fund 0031. Model
2 (the proposal) is
a model of partnership that focuses on the development of
partnerships between PT. INKA
and IKM with more
professional management of the independent state of fund management
agency.
Setiawan and Asmara
(2006) stated that the dominant aspect that distinguishes the performance of
financial management unit (UPK)
includes: the aspects of earning assets (KAP), management aspects and aspects
of efficiency and profitability aspects. While the determinant factors that
affect performance include: factors governing UPK,
chief factor rural/kelurahan, the rural factors/bpd/community leaders, UPK legality factor, factor management pattern USP,
completeness organizational factors, and the real sector management factors.
Profit analysis results show Lumajang as a healthy UPK
that provides business development opportunities by 98%, medium UPK provides business development opportunities by
50%. In Jember the healthy UPK
provides business development opportunities by 54%, medium UPK provides business development opportunities by
56%. The healthy UPK in Pacitan
provide business development opportunities by 84%, medium UPK provides business development opportunities by
88%. An analysis on Trenggalek, the healthy UPK
category contribute to the growth of business by 68% and UPK are categorized by 6.8%. While the results of
the analysis for unhealthy UPK in
the four districts indicate that the fund had been given from government was
ineffective or are not contributing to the beneficiaries. From the results of
the study suggested that the factors that determine the amount of the CGU
contribution to the development effort is the level and frequency of the revolving
loan, the loan compared to the total capital required, the amount of lending
services, as well as the type of business beneficiaries. Based on these findings
it is suggested that more intensive coaching and mentoring are necessary in
order to increase the performance of UPK
and restructuring it, if possible, and for the existing UPK
schemes in order to make a creative loan to boost productivity and savings
products to boost capital work, but it also made a potential development for
rural / kelurahan type of business that is less productive or “unfriendly"
to the existence of some UPK of microfinance
institutions.
According
to Susila (2007) concluded that the research
results of 169 rural credit
institutions in Sukoharjo - central java province which spread into
167 rurals /kelurahan,
based on the general level of performance obtained
73 BKD unit (43.20%) that is efficient, whereas
96 other BKD (56.80%)
is inefficient. While
based on the financial performance of BKD, it obtained
21 BKD (12.43%) which
is efficient, while
the other 148 (87.57%) is inefficient. Based on this research, there are some recommendations
that can be considered by the government and management of BKD in
their policy, among others: 1.
Government and the
BKD need to fix the
system to compete the other financial institutions. One is by conducting merger
among BKD or establishes headquarters and improves
the system in each
unit as a branch office. 2. Government and
the BKD need to
fix the internal things both human resources and fund adequacy, especially
for BKD which is still inefficient; hence, it becomes more competitive. This can be performed by increases the fund and improve the technical skills
and managerial skills of its human resources.
Financial
institution consists of bank financial institutions
and non-bank financial institutions.
Microfinance institutions are differed in formal, semi-formal, and informal financial
institutions that is conducting the financial services to micro-entrepreneurs and low-income communities (Krisnamurthi, 2002). Microfinance
institutions have special characters which
corresponded to its constituents,
such as: 1) consists
of various forms
of financial services, especially savings and
loan; 2) directed
to serve low-income
communities, and 3) uses system
as well as a simple procedure (Chotim and
Handy, 2001).
Broadly
speaking, the LKM can be grouped into the form of bank and nonbank,
as follows:
1. Bank: BRI unit, such as branch offices
of BRI; BPR, micro banks that are
subject to the banking act
and the banking regulation
by BI.
2. Nonbank: credit unions (KSP),
business multipurpose cooperative savings
and loans unit (KSU-USP), Baitul
Mal Wat Tamwil
(BMT), pawn, and consumer
financing institutions.
4. Method
This study is a comparative study, by comparing some of the rules regarding to the LKM as a basis for developing new regulations. The data used derived entirely from secondary data, obtained from: rule of laws (laws, regulations, and decisions), scientific publication of researches, and
the media publication to review the issue and performance of LKM. This study uses documentation techniques of data collection. The
processing data was using qualitative analysis techniques, namely grouped data obtained, it was analyzed and explained in
descriptive qualitative reasoning process that focuses on the assessment issues. Data analysis focuses on comparative patterns through a comparison between aspects, elements, scope, or other criteria from a variety of existing
data sources.
5. The frameworks
The framework of
this study broadly described as shown in figure 1 below.
6. Analysis and assessment results
LKM infrastructure and institutional conditions, related to the problems
faced are as follows:
Table 1
The condition of
infrastructure and institutional of LKM
The alternatives settings for LKM. The approach has been performed in the
setting of LKM are:
1. Without regulation (no regulation):in many countries, LKM are generally informal (arisan, savings and loan cooperatives. Moneylenders, etc..) Are free to do their operation because it is outside the scope of
formal rules.
2. The existing legislation (existing law): supervision
conducted by the bank
supervisory authority regulatory that apply to commercial banks by adjusting the ratios and how to control the specific risks faced by LKM.
3.
Regulations (special law): supervision conducted by the supervisory authority regulatory that specifically regulate LKM or microfinance portfolios of financial
institutions.
4.
Arrangements (self-regulation):
conducted by the federation based on the internal regulations that applies
to members. Example: credit cooperatives (credit
unions) in many countries. Includes Indonesian, regulated and supervised by the federation (badan koordinasi koperasi kredit Indonesia).
5. Mixed approaches (hybrid), designated by the third party to supervise LKM based on the agreement between the parties related to the supervisory authority. An example is Indonesia where the
supervision over commercial banks and rural banks is
conducted by the central
bank, while the supervision of rural credit institutions submitted to the bank rakyat Indonesia (BRI).
The LKM legal basis in the form of legislation includes:
laws, regulations (government, president, regional governor, mayor), and decree (president, minister, governor, mayor), etc.
·
The legal basis for LKM as the form of the legislation include: law # 25 of 1992 concerning cooperatives, law # 8 of 1999 regarding consumer protection, law # 1 of 2013 about microfinance institutions.
·
The legal foundation of LKM as the form of regulations
include: government regulation # 9 of 1995 on the
implementation of business
activity credit by cooperatives.
·
A legal basis of LKM in the form of the state minister regulation
include: the state minister regulation of cooperatives and small and medium businesses of republic of Indonesia
no. 19/per/m.kukm/xi/2008 on the guidelines for cooperatives business
activity credit, state minister of cooperatives and small and medium businesses of republic of Indonesia no.
20/per/m.kukm/xi/2008 concerning the guidelines on
health assessment credit unions and savings
and loans cooperative unit,
the state minister of
cooperatives and small and medium
businesses of republic of Indonesia no.
21/per/m.kukm/xi/2008 concerning the monitoring
guidelines of
credit unions and savings
and cooperative unit loans.
·
The legal basis for LKM in the form of joint ministerial decree include: joint decree of the minister of finance, minister of internal affairs,
minister of cooperatives and small and medium businesses, the governor of bank Indonesia. No. 351.1/kmk.010/2009,
no. 900-639a
in 2009, no. 01/skb/m.kukm/ix/2009,
no. 11/43a/kep.gbi/2009 on strategic development of microfinance institutions
·
The legal basis for LKM in the form of decree of the minister include: the decree of the minister of cooperatives and small
and medium businesses of republic of Indonesia no. 96/kep/m.kukm/ix/2004 on national standard guidelines for management of credit unions and
savings and loans of cooperatives
unit.
·
The legal basis for LKM in the form of provincial regulation (east java province) includes: east java
provincial regulation no. 4 of 2007 on empowering cooperatives, micro, small,
and medium.
·
The legal basis for LKM in the form of regional regulation (Surabaya) includes: regional
regulation of Surabaya
no. 8 of 2008 on district institutions, regional regulation of Surabaya no. 11 of 2008 on the change of government affairs to the regional authority.
·
The legal basis for LKM in the form of major regulation (Surabaya) includes: mayor
regulation of Surabaya no.
43 in 2011 on the details of duties
and functions of the
regional secretariat of Surabaya.
The evaluation of various legal grounds as
described produces the following conclusions:
Table 2
The recapitulation of legal foundation of LKM
No.
|
Aspect
|
Conclusions
|
1
|
Backgrounds
|
The background of the need for a regulation is issued as
follows:
1. To improve the welfare of
society
2.
In order to provide legal certainty: the clarity of status, setting, supervision, coaching, and development
3.
To
expand business opportunities in productive activities.
4.
To
develop business activities according to laws and
regulations
5.
To
improve productivity.
6.
To
protect the interests of the public
|
2
|
Definitions
|
·
Microfinance institutions are financial institutions that provide microfinance services.
·
Microfinance institutions consist of: bank microfinance institutions (LKMB), non-bank microfinance
institutions (LKMBB), and
non-bank non-cooperative microfinance
institutions (LKMBBBK)
·
Bank microfinance
institutions consist of commercial banks that provide financial
services for micro and rural banks (BPR).
·
Cooperative micro finance institutions consist of credit unions
(KSP) and the savings and loans unit (USP)
·
Non-bank non-cooperative microfinance institutions which
is not a legal yet consists of:
1. Economic business of rural savings and loans (UED-SP) 2. Rural credit institutions (BKD) 3. Rural credit enterprises (bukp) 4. Lumbung pitih nagari (lpn) 5. Credit institutions (lpd) 6. District credit agency (bkk) 7. Business group (kube) 8. Group of income improvement program of small farmers and fishermen (P4K) 9. Agency for community self-reliance (BKM) 10. Urban PNPM 11. Coastal community economic development group (PEMP) 12. Activity management unit (UPK) 13. Rural pnpm (independent) 14. Multiple family welfare services program unit (UPPKS) 15. Rural financial management unit (UPKD) 16. Farmer group empowerment of rural agribusiness (PUAP) 17. Community-based savings and loans institutions (LSPBM) 18. Baitul maal wat tamwil (BMT) 19. Other institutions that are equivalent. |
3
|
Forms of organization
|
LKM organizational form include:
1. Cooperative microfinance
2.
Rural-owned businesses (BUMDES)
|
4
|
Foundation
|
The establishment of
LKM must fulfill two requirements:
1.
Incorporated
2.
Obtain a
business license from the regent
/ mayor accordance
to coverage area
|
5
|
Business licenses
|
· LKM business license published
by the regent /
mayor appropriate with the coverage area.
· To obtain a license, LKM
must apply the requirements
appropriate with the applicable provisions
|
6
|
Business activities
|
· The operations of LKM include: provide loans
or financing, receive
deposits, and perform other financial services
business that is not opposed to
the laws and regulations.
· The operations of LKM can be based on conventional
or Islamic finance
principles
· LKM are prohibited from doing activities: accept
demand deposits, foreign exchange
business, acting as a guarantor.
|
7
|
Expansion
|
LKM only conduct business in correspond regional
coverage of the business license.
|
8
|
Business management
|
· Management of LKM business should be conducted separately
from the other business units.
· Management of LKM business done by administrators
and / or
managers appropriate with the form of legal
entity
|
9
|
Managers
|
LKM managers must have expertise in
the field and in managing, must
hold a contract with the owner / caretaker.
|
10
|
Ownership or membership
|
· LKM can be owned by Indonesian citizens, and / or rural communities, and / or government rural
/ urban, and / or members of
cooperatives.
· Prospective members
of the cooperative after 3 months from
the repayment of principal deposits must be cooperative members.
|
11
|
Fund
|
· LKM must provides private fund and can be coupled with investment fund and loan fund
· Total private fund should not be reduced
in number from the original number
|
12
|
Finance and investment
|
· Allocation of
funds, profit sharing, and a limit on
lending based on the provisions
of the applicable legislation.
· An award of a
maximum loan limit also applies to administrators and / or managers of LKM
|
13
|
Partnerships
|
· LKM can establish cooperation with other parties in
the form of a partnership based on equality
· The collaboration agreement must be made in writing
|
14
|
Consumer protection
|
·
LKM consumers are entitled to:
1.
Obtain comfort, security and safety in consuming service
2. choose and get services
3. Obtain correct
information, clear and honest
4. Can express opinions and complaint
5. Obtain protection advocacy and dispute
resolution
6. Obtain consumer guidance
and education
7.
Serviced properly, honestly and non-discriminatory
8.
Get the compensation
·
LKM consumers are required to:
1. Following the instructions on the use of information services
2. Trust in the
transaction
3. Pay as agreed
|
15
|
Reports
|
· LKM is required
to maintain appropriate financial records and financial accounting standards bookkeeping.
· Every LKM obliged to submit performance reports to the regents / mayors at least once a
year.
· LKM must
announce performance reports to the depositor and the recipient through the notice board in LKM.
|
16
|
Development and supervision
|
· Supervision of the implementation of consumer protection undertaken by the government, public and consumer protection agency
· The district / city setting LKM business management policies according to the conditions of each region, based on the minimum standards stipulated in regulation.
· Guidance and development of LKM shall consider the
aspects of LKM sustainability and healthy competition.
· Supervision of LKM conducted by the regent / mayor by delegating to authorities who were given the task and authority to conduct surveillance.
· Monitoring conducted at any time or periodically.
·
Implementation guidance and supervision shall be carried out in
coordination right from
the planning, implementation, monitoring up to reporting.
· Empowerment conducted in the form of: education
and training, strengthening equity, management coaching, technical assistance, marketing,
and facilitation.
|
17
|
Liquidation
|
· LKM can be dismissed because: dissolve
itself,
license has been revoked, declared bankruptcy, or the achievement of business objectives according to the articles of association.
· The dissolution of LKM regulated according to laws and regulations prevailing
at that time.
|
18
|
Punishment
|
LKM that violate the statutory provisions subject to administrative sanctions: warning, written warning, fines, suspension
of business activity, revocation
of business licenses, according to the level of violations, or criminal sanctions.
|
7. Recommendation
1. The preparation of the legal basis for the
issuance of local
regulations regarding to LKM should be based on consideration to
further develop the role of LKM, providing legal
certainty and protect the interests of the general public as a whole.
2. Considering the microfinance
institutions basically
consists of a variety of different financial institutions
in terms of scale, type, rules governing, then it is advisable to reinforce the boundaries and definitions of microfinance
institutions as intended in the regulations issued.
3.
Therefore, the bank has
regulated LKM in banking regulation, cooperative
LKM has been regulated separately in cooperative regulation, it is advisable to focus first to the non-bank non cooperatives LKM that is not yet incorporated. This
is done to avoid duplication of regulation that is likely to lead to contradictions between the existing rules.
4. Legality issues faced by non-bank LKM provide guidance to the immediate official data collection on non-bank LKM in Surabaya. Prioritized
primarily on aspects of data collection: ownership of a business license, contract documents with customers / consumers, and maintenance of accounting
/ bookkeeping.
5.
Surabaya city government should continuously encourage LKM that have not
been incorporated to soon incorporated through the support and empowerment programs, in order to ensure legal certainty.
6. At the same time, the city
officials also encourage non-bank non- cooperative LKM domiciled in Surabaya to establish
the association of LKM in order to facilitate the development and also supervising.
7.
Surabaya city government is also expected to perform their duties
in coaching and supervising LKM in Surabaya through the activities program that are comprehensive, coordinated
and sustainable. It is very important for all
activities and policies are not to be
partial, temporary and have no long-term
goals so that the results are far from satisfactory.
References
Krisnamurthi, B.
(2002). Draft Law of Micro Finance:
Design to Side of Public Economy. Retrieved from http://www.bmm-online.org.
Setiawan, B.,
Asmara, R. (2006). Influence of Finance Management Unit (UPK) Performance of Gerdu Taskin to Improve Business of
Public Economy Productive. Journal of
Cooperation and Small -Medium Enterprise Studies, 1 (1).
Chotim, E.E., Handayani, A.D. (2001). Micro Finance Institution in History.
Journal of Social Analysis, 6 (3).
Nurmianto,
Eko., Nasution, A.H. (2004). Formulation of Partnership Strategy with AHP and
SWOT Method (Case Studies Partnership of INKA, Ltd. and Small-Medium Industry
in Madiun Region. Journal of Industry
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